Preparatory work
Installation of drilling equipment is an important stage and it should begin with careful preparatory work. The main methods are described in detail in the methodological literature, we will focus on general issues.
1. A well of any category must be laid outside the protection zones of power lines, main oil and gas pipelines and other industrial and civil facilities.
The main document for the construction of a well is a working project, the task for the development of which is drawn up by the customer (subsoil user) taking into account the requirements of the geological exploration project and the technological project (scheme) for the development of the field.
2. The working project must take into account the experience of drilling wells on this and nearby sites with similar conditions, ensure the reliability and safety of the well throughout its operation, and protect the subsoil and the environment.
Work on the construction of a well can be started if the following conditions are met:
• availability of design and estimate documentation developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure;
• availability of highways, roads providing year-round communication with logistics bases and locations of the organization's production services;
• availability of coordination of drilling equipment transportation routes, including at the intersections of routes with power transmission lines, railways, main pipelines, etc.
• availability of an act of transferring the well location to the site;
• conclusion of contracts for the performance of work with contractors (subcontractors), blowout safety services.
When issuing a well point on the site, an act is drawn up, and its distance on the site must be at least:
500 m from a populated area or housing buildings;
80 m from main pipelines;
90 m from power lines and communication lines;
80 m from highways, drainage and drainage canals:
100 m - the distance from the ends of the blowout prevention equipment discharge manifold to all communications and structures not related to the drilling rig facilities.
Preparatory and rig installation works can be started if there is an approved well construction project and the rig installation team is issued a work order for their implementation.
3. The size of the site for the construction site is determined by the maximum standards for land allocation for oil and gas wells, which depend on the type of drilling rig.
When preparing the construction site, the terrain is leveled, bushes, trees, stumps, boulders, and stones are removed. Then they build access roads, allocate a site for the installation of large blocks (assemble them for installation), build power lines, water pipes to the construction site, prepare places for storing materials and equipment, place derrick assembly household and service booths at a distance of at least 50 m from the wellhead (from the "well point" benchmark)
4. From the surface of the construction site, the fertile layer (10 ... 30 cm) is cut off and mixed outside it (the bush) for storage, i.e., the requirements of GOST 17.4.3.02 85 are met: when constructing wells on fertile lands of active agricultural use, in the process of carrying out preparatory work for the installation of drilling equipment, it is necessary to accept and separately store the fertile layer for subsequent reclamation.
During excavation work, rippers, bulldozers, graders, scrapers are used. Pits for transmission towers and fixed structures are drilled with a drilling machine equipped on a car chassis or on a tractor.
Trenches, pits and pits for foundations are dug by excavators.
Manual soil development is carried out only for small volumes of work, when it is impossible to use a mechanism or when it is necessary to clean up, adjust slopes, cuts, depressions, and undermining. When developing soil in this way, it is first necessary to check the serviceability of the tool and its compliance with the strength of the soil being developed.
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